Gerunds ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to using gerunds as nouns in everyday conversations. From understanding the formation and usage of gerunds to practicing their correct application in different contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Revision exercise
Writing exercise
Extra study
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our course books that encourages conversation
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
How much How many countable and uncountable nouns ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to asking questions about quantity and countable items in everyday conversations. From understanding the usage and structure of “how much” and “how many” to practicing their correct application in different contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Writing exercise
Extra study
Revision exercise
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Imperatives ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to giving commands, making requests, and offering suggestions using imperatives in everyday conversations. From understanding the usage and structure of imperatives to practicing their correct application in different contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer to start the class
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Writing exercise
Extra study
Revision / Comprehension exercise
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
ESL lesson plan for A1 Beginner ELL and ELA learners about To Be. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to enhance language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental usage and conjugation of the verb “to be” in various contexts. From introducing oneself to describing people and objects, equip your ESL students with the knowledge and confidence to use the verb to be correctly in everyday conversations. Incorporating interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English grammar.
This is an A1 Beginner ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A1 course book.
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105424
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes:
Flash cards
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Revision exercise
Writing exercise
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our course books that encourages conversation
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style. The resource is available in PDF and a part of it is on Google Apps
ESL lesson plan for A1 Beginner ELL and ELA learners about Favorites and Preferences. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to discussing and expressing personal preferences in everyday conversations. From understanding how to talk about favorite foods, hobbies, and activities to practicing conversations about preferences, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to engage in discussions effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A1 Beginner ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A1 course book.
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105424
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A warmer
Introduction to the unit
Vocabulary
Reading
Four closed exercises
Open exercise
Listening exercise
Writing exercise
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our course books that encourage conversation
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 90 minutes depending on teacher style. The zip file includes the audio files for the listening exercise. The resource is available in PDF and a part of it is on Google Apps
Phrasal Verbs ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. From learning common phrasal verbs to practicing their correct usage in different contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer - Chatterbox
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Two revision exercises
Writing exercise
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Prepositional Phrases ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to using prepositional phrases to provide additional information and describe relationships in everyday conversations. From understanding the structure and usage of prepositional phrases to practicing their correct application in different contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer to start the class
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Revision / Comprehension exercise
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our course books that encourages conversation
Writing exercise
Extra study
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Possessive S ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to using the possessive 's to indicate ownership in everyday conversations. From understanding the usage and placement of possessive 's to practicing its correct application in different contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Revision exercise
Writing exercise
Extra study
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60 minutes depending on teacher style.
Present Continuous ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to using the present continuous tense to talk about ongoing actions and temporary situations in everyday conversations. From understanding the formation and usage of the present continuous tense to practicing its correct application in various contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Revision exercise
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our course books that encourages conversation
Writing exercise
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Zero and First Conditional ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to using prepositions to express time relationships in everyday conversations. From understanding the usage of common prepositions of time to practicing their correct application in different contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Revision exercise
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our course books that encourages conversation
Writing exercise
Extra study
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Verb ing ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills… From understanding the formation and usage of verb + -ing to practicing their correct application in different contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Two revision exercises
Writing exercise
Extra study
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Will and Going to ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. From learning the differences between these two future forms to practicing their application in various contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Three closed exercises
One open exercise
Writing exercise
Extra study
Revision exercise
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our course books that encourages conversation
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Modal Verb Should ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost language proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to expressing advice, recommendations, and obligations using “should” in everyday conversations. From understanding the usage and structure of “should” to practicing its correct application in different contexts, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A cover page
A warmer - Chatterbox
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Writing exercise
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Revision exercise
Extra study
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Directions ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to enhance proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to navigating and providing directions in everyday conversations. From learning essential vocabulary related to directions to practicing conversational skills for asking for and giving directions, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to communicate effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A warmer
Introduction to the unit
Vocabulary
Reading
Four closed exercises
Open exercise
Listening exercise
Writing exercise
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our course books that encourage conversation
Extra study
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 90 minutes depending on teacher style. The zip file includes the audio files for the listening exercise.
Shopping ESL lesson plan for A2 Pre Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Designed to boost proficiency, this engaging lesson plan covers the fundamental concepts and practical exercises related to shopping and making purchases in everyday situations. From learning essential vocabulary related to shopping to practicing conversational skills for buying items and discussing prices, our lesson plan equips ESL learners with the knowledge and confidence to navigate shopping scenarios effectively. With interactive activities, practice exercises, and real-life examples, this lesson plan fosters essential language skills and builds a strong foundation in English communication.
This is an A2 Pre Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL A2 course book
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105436
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A warmer
Introduction to the unit
Vocabulary
Reading
Four closed exercises
Two Open exercises
Listening exercise
Writing exercise
Extra study
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our course books that encourage conversation
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 90 minutes depending on teacher style. There is an audio file included with this lesson plan.
Adverbs ESL lesson plan for B1 Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Immerse yourself in dynamic activities designed to enhance your understanding and usage of these versatile modifiers. From describing actions and intensifying adjectives to adverb placement, this comprehensive lesson plan provides a structured and enjoyable approach to mastering the nuances of Adverbs. Elevate your language proficiency and confidently express yourself with precision in both spoken and written contexts.
This is a B1 Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL B1 course book.
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105443
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A warmer - Chatterbox
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Two revision exercises
Writing exercise
Extra study
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Should have Could have and Might have ESL lesson plan for B1 Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Navigate the complexities of these nuanced modal verbs as you engage in interactive activities designed to enhance your communication skills. From expressing regrets to making suggestions and speculating about the past, this comprehensive lesson plan provides a structured and enjoyable approach to mastering these crucial language elements. Elevate your language proficiency to new heights, confidently using ‘Should, Could, and Might Have’ in everyday conversation. Join us for a transformative learning experience that combines practicality with fun.
This is a B1 Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL B1 course book.
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105443
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan also includes the check point ‘There v They’re v Their’.
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Revision exercise
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our coursebooks that encourages conversation
Writing exercise
Extra Study
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Must and Can’t for deductions ESL lesson plan for B1 Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Dive into engaging activities that will sharpen your ability to express strong likelihood and impossibility, adding precision to your language toolkit. From making informed deductions to expressing convictions, this comprehensive lesson plan offers a dynamic and enjoyable approach to mastering ‘Must and Can’t.’ Elevate your language proficiency and gain the confidence to navigate real-life scenarios with certainty.
This is a B1 Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL B1 course book.
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105443
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A warmer
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Revision exercise
Writing exercise
Extra study
Chatterbox - A feature throughout our coursebooks that encourages conversation
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Comparatives and Superlatives ESL lesson plan for B1 Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Immerse yourself in engaging activities crafted to strengthen your understanding and usage of these essential grammar concepts. From comparing objects and people to expressing the highest degree of quality, this comprehensive lesson plan provides a structured and enjoyable approach to mastering the nuances of Comparatives and Superlatives. Elevate your language skills and confidently communicate distinctions in both spoken and written English.
This is a B1 Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL B1 course book.
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105443
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A warmer - Chatterbox
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Writing exercise
Extra study
Two revision exercises
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.
Future Continuous ESL lesson plan for B1 Intermediate ELL and ELA learners. This ready to use TEFL resource includes everything from flash cards to activities as well as conversation topics and writing drills. Immerse yourself in engaging activities crafted to enhance your understanding and usage of this essential tense. From describing ongoing actions in the future to making plans with precision, this comprehensive lesson plan offers a dynamic and enjoyable approach to mastering the Future Continuous tense. Elevate your language proficiency and confidently express future scenarios in both spoken and written contexts.
This is a B1 Intermediate ESL lesson plan from the TEAM TEFL B1 course book.
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12105443
It is also included in our course book bundle
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/resource-12121091
This lesson plan includes;
Flash cards
A warmer - Chatterbox
Main usage
Construction
Rules including any exceptions
Examples
Two closed exercises
One open exercise
Two revision exercises
Writing exercise
Extra study
Activity - E.g Game, quiz, puzzle etc to finish the class.
Answer key
This lesson plan is available in PDF and Google Slides.
This lesson plan is for ESL students from 14 years to adults and should take around 60-90 minutes depending on teacher style.